Black Pepper
| Botanical Name | Piper nigrum |
| Botanical family | Piperaceae |
| Origin | Madagascar |
| Method | Complete distillation by steam distillation |
| Plant part | Fruit |
| Note | Middle |
| Appearance | mobile liquid |
| Color | bluish green |
| Odor | spicy, hot, characteristic of pepper |
| Biochemical composition of the essential oil | Sesquiterpenes (85–90%): caryophyllene, bisabolene, elemene, guaiene, humulene Monoterpenes (5%): pinenes |
| Therapeutic properties | Analgesic +++ Anti-inflammatory +++ Stomachic, eupeptic +++ Aphrodisiac ++ Decongestant ++ |
| Main therapeutic indications | Toothache, tooth abscess +++ Rheumatism, osteoarthritis ++ Sexual weakness ++ Digestive and hepatopancreatic insufficiency ++ Addiction: tobacco, salt bulimia ++++ |